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I encountered this problem when trying to access Outlook via OWA.

The following steps resolved the problem:
1) Open Active Directory Users and Computers
2) Enable Advance features from the View Menu
3) Find the user and click Properties, go to the Security Tab
4) Click the Advanced button
5) Check the box next to "Allow inheritable permissions from the parent. . . "
6) Click Apply and OK 2x

RequestUrl: https://company.dyndns.org/OWA/lang.owa
User host address: 10.100.*.*
ExceptionException type: Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.StoragePermanentExceptionException message: There was a problem accessing Active Directory.Call stackMicrosoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ExchangePrincipal.Save() Microsoft.Exchange.Clients.Owa.Core.RequestDispatcher.DispatchLanguagePostLocally(OwaContext owaContext, OwaIdentity logonIdentity, CultureInfo culture, String timeZoneKeyName, Boolean isOptimized) Microsoft.Exchange.Clients.Owa.Core.RequestDispatcher.DispatchLanguagePostRequest(OwaContext owaContext) Microsoft.Exchange.Clients.Owa.Core.RequestDispatcher.PrepareRequestWithoutSession(OwaContext owaContext, UserContextCookie userContextCookie) Microsoft.Exchange.Clients.Owa.Core.RequestDispatcher.InternalDispatchRequest(OwaContext owaContext) Microsoft.Exchange.Clients.Owa.Core.RequestDispatcher.DispatchRequest(OwaContext owaContext) System.Web.HttpApplication.SyncEventExecutionStep.System.Web.HttpApplication.IExecutionStep.Execute() System.Web.HttpApplication.ExecuteStep(IExecutionStep step, Boolean& completedSynchronously)Inner ExceptionException type: Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Directory.ADOperationExceptionException message: Active Directory operation failed on servername.domain.local. This error is not retriable. Additional information: Insufficient access rights to perform the operation. Active directory response: 00002098: SecErr: DSID-03150A45, problem 4003 (INSUFF_ACCESS_RIGHTS), data 0 Call stackMicrosoft.Exchange.Data.Directory.ADSession.AnalyzeDirectoryError(PooledLdapConnection connection, DirectoryRequest request, DirectoryException de, Int32& retries, Int32 maxRetries) Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Directory.ADSession.ExecuteModificationRequest(ADRawEntry entry, DirectoryRequest request, ADObjectId originalId) Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Directory.ADSession.Save(ADObject instanceToSave, IEnumerable`1 properties) Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Storage.ExchangePrincipal.Save()Inner ExceptionException type: System.DirectoryServices.Protocols.DirectoryOperationExceptionException message: The user has insufficient access rights.Call stackSystem.DirectoryServices.Protocols.LdapConnection.ConstructResponse(Int32 messageId, LdapOperation operation, ResultAll resultType, TimeSpan requestTimeOut, Boolean exceptionOnTimeOut) System.DirectoryServices.Protocols.LdapConnection.SendRequest(DirectoryRequest request, TimeSpan requestTimeout) Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Directory.PooledLdapConnection.SendRequest(DirectoryRequest request, LdapOperation ldapOperation) Microsoft.Exchange.Data.Directory.ADSession.ExecuteModificationRequest(ADRawEntry entry, DirectoryRequest request, ADObjectId originalId)